And then there are abortion laws

 "Vice President Kamala Harris was in Jacksonville, Florida, today [May 1] to talk about reproductive rights. She put the fight over abortion in the larger context of the discriminatory state laws that have, historically, constructed a world in which some people have more rights than others. 

“This is a fight for freedom,” she said, “the fundamental freedom to make decisions about one’s own body and not have their government tell them what they’re supposed to do.” 

On May 1 "...Florida’s ban on abortions after six weeks—earlier than most women know they’re pregnant—went into effect. The Florida legislature passed the law and Florida governor Ron DeSantis signed it a little more than a year ago, on April 13, 2023, but the new law was on hold while the Florida Supreme Court reviewed it. On April 1 the court permitted the law to go into operation today. 

The new Florida law is possible because two years ago, on June 24, 2022, the Supreme Court  overturned the 1973 Roe v. Wade decision that recognized the constitutional right to abortion. In Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization, the modern court decided that the right to determine abortion rights must be returned “to the people’s elected representatives” at the state level. 

Immediately, Republican-dominated states began to restrict abortion rights. Now, one out of three American women of childbearing age lives in one of the more than 20 states with abortion bans. This means, as Cecile Richards, former president of Planned Parenthood, put it in The Daily Beast today, “child rape victims forced to give birth, miscarrying patients turned away from emergency rooms and told to return when they’re in sepsis.” It means recognizing that the state has claimed the right to make a person’s most personal health decisions. 

Until today, Florida’s law was less stringent than that of other southern states, making it a destination for women of other states to obtain the abortions they could not get at home. In the Washington Post today, Caroline Kitchener noted that in the past, more than 80,000 women a year obtained abortions in Florida. Now, receiving that reproductive care will mean a trip to Virginia, Illinois, or North Carolina, where the procedure is still legal, putting it out of reach for many women. 

This November, voters in Florida will weigh in on a proposed amendment to the Florida constitution to establish the right to abortion. The proposed amendment reads: “No law shall prohibit, penalize, delay, or restrict abortion before viability or when necessary to protect the patient’s health, as determined by the patient’s healthcare provider.” Even if the amendment receives the 60% support it will need to be added to the constitution, it will come too late for tens of thousands of women."

------------------------

Thanks Heather Cox Richardson of Letters from an American

My opinion echoes Vice-President Harris completely. Whether state of federal laws, none should determine any decisions of personal medical care.

Just imagine if states or countries could determine who was eligible to even have children? Remember China's one child rule? 

And how about organ donors? Already there's a black market of organs where they are taken perhaps forcefully from those who need money or drugs, just for richer people to continue their lives. What if the governments started determining who should or shouldn't give their organs to others?

This is why men should also be supporting the laws that allow all of us freedom to choose our own medical decisions.

Going along the way

Busy day today. Early Physical Therapy session.

Change of plans for my approach to walking stairs in the stadium for graduating granddaughter. My collapsible walking stick won't fit in carry on luggage. And I'm sure not going to walk with it through two airports. My hiking there will be slow and steady with a carry on suitcase on wheels.

So I will depend upon one of my sons to be at hand, to literally lean on.

Lean on me... that's the song from way back then...you've got a friend...

I just read an interesting poem about traveling.

Wanderer, your footsteps are the road,
and nothing more;
Wanderer, there is no road.
The road is made by walking...

By walking one makes the road,
and upon glancing behind
one sees the path that will
never be trod again...

Wanderer, there is no road -
only wakes upon the sea..."

Antonio Machado

My own approach was that this adventure would be like a safari - maybe with wild animals and terrain that is perhaps lovely...I'll keep an eye out for any beauty. And standing in line is designed to be tree meditation. On two feet of course!

So after I figure out what vegetables/fruits will definitely go bad, and make a bag of the ones that my friend might eat...I'll toss one bag in the trash can outside, and give her the other when she picks me up to go to the airport at noon.

I'll try to eat the last banana, and the baked potato that's left over from a lunch earlier in the week. 

And I must remember to unplug the computer and TV surge protectors. I came home from a trip one year to find my lap top fried, even though it had been on a surge protector...but lightening struck somewhere nearby. 

Would you believe I don't have enough in my suitcase so it will probably rattle around? That's because 4 changes of clothes don't really take up much room...and I've used this suitcase for a week's worth of winter wear. It's an easy over head type with handle and wheels. And of course a bag with cross body strap will hold everything else. I will look beseeching and hope a gentleman nearby will put it up in the overhead bin.

So my son called last night and suggested I bring an old lap top that I'm not using because his daughter who's a Jr. in high school just fried hers. The old laptop that I have only works when plugged in, and has a cord which doesn't work...so we may need to find an Apple store with this kind of cord (a little magnet connects the wire to it, and that's the place where the cord has died.) But it will add 3 pounds to the carry on suitcase. But maybe fill up some space!

I'm on my way...

Autochrome colour photo by French photographer Lèon Gimple taken at the 1909 Grand Exhibition in Paris.

Today's quote:

Isak Dinesen (Karen Blixen) wrote, "Truth is for tailors and shoemakers. ... I, on the contrary, have always held that the Lord has a penchant for masquerades." 

PS.

I am not sure I can make comments since I'll only have a iPad to read blogs with...so I can read yours, but I haven't been able to get blogger to believe I am the google person I am.

Letters from an American on May 1, 2024

HEATHER COX RICHARDSON MAY 1

This morning, Time magazine published a cover story by Eric Cortellessa about what Trump is planning for a second term. Based on two interviews with Trump and conversations with more than a dozen of his closest advisors, the story lays out Trump’s conviction that he was “too nice” in his first term and that he would not make such a mistake again. 

Cortellessa writes that Trump intends to establish “an imperial presidency that would reshape America and its role in the world.” 

He plans to use the military to round up, put in camps, and deport more than 11 million people. He is willing to permit Republican-dominated states to monitor pregnancies and prosecute people who violate abortion bans. He will shape the laws by refusing to release funds appropriated by Congress (as he did in 2019 to try to get Ukraine president Volodymyr Zelensky to smear Hunter Biden). He would like to bring the Department of Justice under his own control, pardoning those convicted of attacking the U.S. Capitol on January 6, 2021, and ending the U.S. system of an independent judiciary. In a second Trump presidency, the U.S. might not come to the aid of a European or Asian ally that Trump thinks isn’t paying enough for its own defense. Trump would, Cortelessa wrote, “gut the U.S. civil service, deploy the National Guard to American cities as he sees fit, close the White House pandemic-preparedness office, and staff his Administration with acolytes who back his false assertion that the 2020 election was stolen.”

To that list, former political director of the AFL-CIO Michael Podhorzer added on social media that if Trump wins, “he could replace [Supreme Court justices Clarence] Thomas, [Samuel] Alito, and 40+ federal judges over 75 with young zealots.” 

“I ask him, Don’t you see why many Americans see such talk of dictatorship as contrary to our most cherished principles?” Cortellessa wrote. No, Trump said. “‘I think a lot of people like it.” 

Time included the full transcripts and a piece fact-checking Trump’s assertions. The transcripts reflect the former president’s scattershot language that makes little logical sense but conveys impressions by repeating key phrases and advancing a narrative of grievance. The fact-checking reveals that narrative is based largely on fantasy. 

Trump’s own words prove the truth of what careful observers have been saying about his plans based on their examination of MAGA Republicans’ speeches, interviews, Project 2025, and so on, often to find themselves accused of a liberal bias that makes them exaggerate the dangers of a second Trump presidency. 

The idea that truthful reporting based on verifiable evidence is a plot by “liberal media” to undermine conservative values had its start in 1951, when William F. Buckley Jr., fresh out of Yale, published God and Man at Yale: The Superstitions of “Academic Freedom.” Fervently opposed to the bipartisan liberal consensus that the federal government should regulate business, provide a basic social safety net, protect civil rights, and promote infrastructure, Buckley was incensed that voters continued to support such a system. He rejected the “superstition” that fact-based public debate would enable people to choose the best option from a wide range of ideas—a tradition based in the Enlightenment—because such debate had encouraged voters to choose the liberal consensus, which he considered socialism. Instead, he called for universities to exclude “bad” ideas like the Keynesian economics on which the liberal consensus was based, and instead promote Christianity and free enterprise.

Buckley soon began to publish his own magazine, the National Review, in which he promised to tell the “violated businessman’s side of the story,” but it was a confidential memorandum written in 1971 by lawyer Lewis M. Powell Jr. for a friend who chaired the education committee of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce that insisted the media had a liberal bias that must be balanced with a business perspective. 

Warning that “the American economic system is under broad attack,” Powell worried not about “the Communists, New Leftists and other revolutionaries who would destroy the entire system.” They were, he wrote, a small minority. What he worried about were those coming from “perfectly respectable elements of society: from the college campus, the pulpit, the media, the intellectual and literary journals, the arts and sciences, and from politicians.” 

Businessmen must “confront this problem as a primary responsibility of corporate management,” he wrote, launching a unified effort to defend American enterprise. Among the many plans Powell suggested for defending corporate America was keeping the media “under constant surveillance” to complain about “criticism of the enterprise system” and demand equal time. 

President Richard Nixon appointed Powell to the Supreme Court, and when Nixon was forced to resign for his participation in the scheme to cover up the attempt to bug the headquarters of the Democratic National Committee in the Watergate Hotel before the 1972 election, he claimed he had to leave not because he had committed a crime, but because the “liberal” media had made it impossible for him to do his job. Six years later, Ronald Reagan, who was an early supporter of Buckley’s National Review, claimed the “liberal media” was biased against him when reporters accurately called out his exaggerations and misinformation during his 1980 campaign. 

In 1987, Reagan’s appointees to the Federal Communications Commission abandoned the Fairness Doctrine that required media with a public license to present information honestly and fairly. Within a year, talk radio had gone national, with hosts like Rush Limbaugh electrifying listeners with his attacks on “liberals” and his warning that they were forcing “socialism” on the United States. 

By 1996, when Australian-born media mogul Rupert Murdoch started the Fox News Channel (FNC), followers had come to believe that the news that came from a mainstream reporter was likely left-wing propaganda. FNC promised to restore fairness and balance to American political news. At the same time, the complaints of increasingly radicalized Republicans about the “liberal media” pushed mainstream media to wander from fact-based reality to give more and more time to the right-wing narrative. By 2018, “bothsidesing” had entered our vocabulary to mean “the media or public figures giving credence to the other side of a cause, action, or idea to seem fair or only for the sake of argument when the credibility of that side may be unmerited.”

In 2023, FNC had to pay almost $800 million to settle defamation claims made by Dominion Voting Systems after FNC hosts pushed the lie that Dominion machines had changed the outcome of the 2020 presidential election, and it has since tried to retreat from the more egregious parts of its false narrative. 

News broke yesterday that Hunter Biden’s lawyer had threatened to sue FNC for “conspiracy and subsequent actions to defame Mr. Biden and paint him in a false light, the unlicensed commercial exploitation of his image, name, and likeness, and the unlawful publication of hacked intimate images of him.” Today, FNC quietly took down from its streaming service its six-part “mock trial” of Hunter Biden, as well as a video promoting the series. 

Also today, Judge Juan Merchan, who is presiding over Trump’s criminal trial for election fraud, found Trump in contempt of court for attacking witnesses and jurors. Merchan also fined Trump $1,000 per offense, required him to take down the nine social media posts at the heart of the decision, and warned him that future violations could bring jail time. This afternoon, Trump’s team deleted the social media posts. 

For the first time in history, a former U.S. president has been found in contempt of court. We know who he is, and today, Trump himself validated the truth of what observers who deal in facts have been saying about what a second Trump term would mean for the United States.

Reacting to the Time magazine piece, James Singer, the spokesperson for the Biden-Harris campaign, released a statement saying: “Not since the Civil War have freedom and democracy been under assault at home as they are today—because of Donald Trump. Trump is willing to throw away the very idea of America to put himself in power…. Trump is a danger to the Constitution and a threat to democracy.” 

Tomorrow, May 1, is “Law Day,” established in 1958 by Republican president Dwight D. Eisenhower as a national recognition of the importance of the rule of law. In proclaiming the holiday today, Biden said: “America can and should be a Nation that defends democracy, protects our rights and freedoms, and pioneers a future of possibilities for all Americans. History and common sense show us that this can only come to pass in a democracy, and we must be its keepers.” 

— 

Notes:

https://time.com/6972021/donald-trump-2024-election-interview/

https://www.justsecurity.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/04/just-security-clearinghouse-manhattan-da-trial-motion-for-contempt-order-april-30-2024.pdf

https://abcnews.go.com/US/live-updates/trump-hush-money-trial/trump-removes-all-9-social-posts-cited-by-judge-109798916?id=109760957

https://time.com/6972022/donald-trump-transcript-2024-election/

https://time.com/6972024/donald-trump-fact-check-2024-election-interview/

https://scholarlycommons.law.wlu.edu/powellmemo/

https://www.reuters.com/investigates/special-report/assets/usa-courts-secrecy-lobbyist/powell-memo.pdf

https://www.merriam-webster.com/wordplay/bothsidesing-bothsidesism-new-words-were-watching

https://www.thedailybeast.com/fox-news-quietly-deletes-hunter-biden-mock-trial-special-following-lawsuit-threat

https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefing-room/presidential-actions/2024/04/30/a-proclamation-on-law-day-u-s-a-2024/

Twitter (X):

Mike_Podhorzer/status/1785348580334501936

rgoodlaw/status/1785312635652591975

Jemsinger/status/1785345553712222272/photo/2 

Happy May Day

  Or Beltane as the pagans are wont to call it.

The wheel of the year 

Today's quote:

"Holy persons draw to themselves all that is earthly. . . .

The earth is at the same time mother,

She is mother of all that is natural,

mother of all that is human.

She is the mother of all,

for contained in her

are the seeds of all.

Greetings to you, lovely and loving Mother!"

Hildegarde Von Bingen

Her saint's day is Sept 21

And thanks to blogger hecatatedemeter:

Being 81 isn't so bad!

I was just sharing with a friend how important it is at our time of life to get out and be with other people. It's how we can fight the blue meanies. And I found this year it doesn't even have to be people I already know, when going daily to the senior lunch reduced-rate program. I was making new friends who I wouldn't have run into otherwise, since many of them had polar opposite views on things. Good for me, good for everyone! 

Plus once I started attending lunch at the Lakeview Center for Active Aging, I was more interested in  some of their other programs, and now attend weekly sit-n-b-fit and chair yoga sessions. Lunch costs $1.50 with the Council on Aging subsidizing it, and exercise and other programs are free. Incidentally, our lunches are catered by a local Asheville restaurant, The Moose Café.

And then there's Lake Tomahawk with water fowl and a path to walk around...as well as people walking dogs of every imaginable breed. I have loved taking photos of the lake in different seasons too.

December 2022

Spring 2024 Canada Goose and Cherry Tree at slightly drained Lake for construction work on dam

Summer 2023 looking south from the gazebo

Autumn looking at the lake, 2023

Last week with a crane helping the dam repairs in the distance. But notice the lake is full of water again!

I often plan a lunch outing with friends who don't go to the Lakeview Center at least once a week. I'm so glad to have made some close friends from my church and from the Clay studio. My interests are always given a boost by seeing and sharing with them. 

I admit to not attending church as often these days, since I've lived here almost 17 years and that used to be more important for my socialization. I remember well how I'd look forward to coffee hour after the service (was that the main reason I went?) Then the pandemic gave us the double-whammy of virtual church services, and we lost the chance to mingle and discuss whatever was on our minds afterward.

I hope my friends who are higher than me on the ladder of life, one just turned 90 and the other best friend is 84...will continue to share their insights and humor with us. Gosh, their humor is certainly something to be around! Maybe that's a lesson to us all.

My message to folks in their 60s is to take advantage of everything you can and want to do. It gets harder to keep doing everything you want in your 70s, or to recuperate from injuries or illness. Enough said. 

Today's quote:

Every living being is an engine geared to the wheelwork of the universe. Though seemingly affected only by its immediate surrounding, the sphere of external influence extends to infinite distance.

—Nikola Tesla

A battle for independence

 Being born in Texas (though raised mostly in St. Louis MO - but that doesn't count) I have Texas blood in my veins. Literally. My ancestors were among the first to settle in Texas before it became a state...back when Mexico was welcoming American settlers.

They fought against Mexico with the result that Texas gained independence...kind of a country in itself. The last battle was at San Jacinto, TX, led by Sam Houston, on April 21, 1836. 

This is a photo of the last meeting of the survivors of the Battle of San Jacinto. It was taken in Goliad on 21 April, 1906, 70 years after the battle that won Texas independence. The men are, from left, William P. Zuber, Austin; John W. Darlington, Taylor; Asa C. Hill, Oakville; Stephen F. Sparks, Rockport; L. T. Lawler, Florence; Alphonso Steele, Mexia. As noted earlier, Zuber was the last man remaining survivor, dying in 1913. Alphonso Steele was the second to last, passing away on July 8, 1911.

Thanks to Traces of Texas facebook group in 2018.

No, I don't think any ancestors of mine were in the battle.

Texas wasn't admitted to the United States until 1845. So it was an independent country with ambassadors to and from the US between 1836 and 1845.

Brothers

 

Three year old Marty didn't know what to think of the tiny brother Russ who his mom (me) brought home from the hospital just a few weeks ago.

A few years later found a wintertime visit of these same brothers and mom to Disneyworld.

The shot on the left shows Russ as an active 6 year old upside down on a palm trunk. On the right the brothers discuss what the Hillsborough River below might have as adventures for them. We were camping in Hillsborough State Park in the spring, and the bull alligators calls kept us awake half the night. We had been assured our camper van in the campground was safely far away from the river banks where their interests lay.

A few years later, Marty was on leave from the Navy, and there was a new half-brother, Tai, with a different father.

Here I'm on the left, and Russ, once a tiny baby, or an upside down acrobat, then was a college student at Georgia Tech,  Brother Tai and mom visited cousin Zach in Houston TX (on r.) Cousin Lisa and Aunt Mary aren't in this picture but were a big part of the visit (as well as grandparents Rogers.)

Then Marty got married, with Russ on far right, and Tai on far left.

And in the course of events, I had grandchildren!

Here oldest grandson in plaid (brother from another mother) hugs his little sister while their brother also checks out dad who's shooting the same photo.

One of my favorite photos of my three sons, when Russ (on l.) got married, with now grown up Tai (in middle) and Marty (on r.) Sorry, couldn't find the copy that didn't have lots of reflections on it.

There are now three granddaughters to add to my family! But this is about brothers...so let's have sisters sometime soon!

Sharing with Sepia Saturday. 

Musings today

 I'm a reader. I'm currently listening to a book as an audio recording...49 hours long. But I've already got 10 hours under my belt. Hope I can renew it from the library when my 13 day check-out period expires!

What's this long book? The latest (I think) in the Outlander series by Diana Galbadon. "Go Tell the Bees that I am Gone." The first 10 hours have been interesting, catching me up on events that I hadn't read about. It mainly takes place in the wilderness of the North Carolina mountains at the time of the American Revolution. I wonder what the volume before this one was. I have read all the long heavy books that came before, either in order, or close enough whenever they were available at the library. That must have started 15 years or so ago.

So yes, I may have re-read a few of them. Then there were 5 seasons of TV shows of the Outlander series, on Prime streaming TV. I kept waiting for another season, because these only covered up till they came to North Carolina. There is time travel, and Scotland and its citizens, and some French characters as well. English and Americans are in there too.

OK, that's my book report for the day.

I've noticed that I only capture and share sayings that have to do with my life. Whenever they are talking about raising the next generation...like parenting tips...I skip over them.

When I raised my first son my instruction manual was Dr. Benjamin Spock's book, "Baby and Childcare." I was new at relying upon medical doctors and drugs, so I learned how they could help, and when they couldn't.  And of course doing things by the seat of my pants, as they say. Later I was glad to have other parents as friends who went through similar things that we did. But I didn't rely upon my own family of relations to give me answers. I am sorry now that I did things so "independently" as I'm sure I could have learned a lot from my parents and in-laws. But we had limits on our relationships, as to what I would accept of their "advice."  Part of that was their religious attitude against using doctors.

All of these thoughts were triggered by a saying on Facebook ...

Now I don't give any of my children or grandchildren advice. I support each of them in their own chosen paths. And I listen if they wish to share their problems sometimes. That doesn't happen often, since we communicate through distances. Thank heavens for texting, emails, facetime, and 'no-extra-charge' long distance calls! 

So I am what I am. And very thrilled with plans to see some family members soon. More about that later.

Today's quote:

Laughs and other things

Yes ants help peonies, and there they are, from who knows where. Our apartments are diligently sprayed to keep them outside.

 Life is a series of natural and spontaneous changes. Don't resist them - that only creates sorrow. Let reality be reality. Let things flow naturally forward in whatever way they like. —Lao Tzu

More Taoist thoughts to consider today!

Toe tapping music from Tuatha Dea

 

Thanks to several other wonderful women who shared this link!

Earth Day facts

 Catching up with some Earth Day facts (which wouldn't download for me yesterday!)

From CBS Sunday Morning 4.21.24

Something to consider

 

The tiny particles which form the vast universe are not tiny at all.
Neither is the vast universe vast.
These are notions of the mind, which is like a knife,
always chipping away at the Tao,
trying to render it graspable and manageable.
But that which is beyond form is ungraspable, and
that which is beyond knowing is unmanageable.
There is, however, this consolation:
She who lets go of the knife will find the Tao at her
fingertips.
—Lao Tzu

O're the seas

  

Painted by Anton Otto Fischer, "On the Yardarm Furling the Mainsail"  Only someone who had been there could have painted this!

Creole, Charles Nicholson's 1927 schooner. Largest wooden sailing yacht in the world at 214'

Grace O'Malley. I've always enjoyed considering this woman's life. Here's a bit of history, perhaps some myth merged into it.

Sometime around 1530, Grace O’Malley was born. Largely forgotten to history, her life was a testament of what a woman could accomplish regardless of the social expectations of the time.

Grace O’Malley was a member of a powerful Irish clan who was well-known for its pirating of ships and trading with foreign countries. Grace, although a woman in the male-dominated sixteenth century, became a prominent pirate. She was known for her stubbornness and leadership abilities, and most of her crew willingly followed her lead.

O’Malley’s trading ships often pirated the English’s ships, but she offered the English several hundred fighting men to appease their anger. Grace O’Malley’s trading took her to ports throughout Europe and continued to grow her wealth, power, and prestige. Although on the high seas constantly trading and fighting, Grace O’Malley had several children.

O’Malley was a pirate queen, and at the height of her power, she commanded hundreds of men and many ships. She met and spoke in Latin with Queen Elizabeth I, perhaps the only contemporary woman with more power than Grace. Supposedly, O’Malley refused to bow and accept a title of nobility because they were equals. Grace O’Malley died in 1603 and proved that women can beat social norms and become a legend in their own unique way.

“There came to me also a most famous feminine sea captain called [Grace O’Malley]...This was...[the most] notorious woman in all the coast of Ireland.” —Sir Henry Sidney

As posted on Facebook!

When I lived in Tampa FL early 2000s, I met the Krew Grace O'Malley who would volunteer to visit the Senior Living Complex where I was the Activity Director. The women in their seventeenth century period clothing were very popular, as well as the beads they gave out lavishly. Tampa has a yearly Mardi Gras festival called Gaspiralla, with pirate boats landing, and various Krews making floats for the parades, where strands of beads are distributed to everyone. My oldest son is a safety officer for another Krew, the Mustang Sallies and Ryders, a co-ed Krew.

Painting by Montague Dawson

Italian training ship Amerigo Vespucci

Several of these photos were from FaceBook group Tall Ships

The shore gives me such wonderful feelings; peaceful, thoughtful, awe-struck.

Today's quote:

We allow our ignorance to prevail upon us and make us think we can survive alone, alone in patches, alone in groups, alone in races, even alone in genders. -Maya Angelou, poet (1928-2014)

We're waves, not particles!

 What about quantum mechanics?

Not sure Einstein really said that, but it's a good thought. We're certainly all connected, moved by the same energies as the Universe.

Clean(er) water

This week, the Environmental Protection Agency announced new rules requiring municipal utilities to remove several specific chemicals within the PFAS family from water supplies.

PFAS refers to a large group of industrial chemicals. The new regulations target a handful of the best-studied PFAS, which have been linked to certain cancers and birth complications.

Virtually all Americans have measurable amounts of PFAS in their blood, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.

Public health advocates across the country have been calling on federal and state governments to regulate PFAS in drinking water for years. Melanie Benesh of the Environmental Working Group characterized the EPA’s decision as “life changing.”

Benesh told PBS NewsHour’s William Brangham that PFAS contamination in the United States is pervasive, and that the new regulation is the most efficient way the federal government can reduce the public’s exposure to these hazardous chemicals. 

Source: Science on PBS Newshour